<£6d 

1/ /A/a 



LlbKHKY Uh LUNUKbSb 



029 965 246 4 



Conservation Resources 
Lig-Free® Type I 
Ph 8.5, Buffered 






w/Ve^ Zealand i^/overnment 



CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS 



AT THE 



LOUISIANA PURCHASE 
EXPOSITION 

1904 



Printed for FREE Distribution 



ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, U. S. A. 



LITTLE 4 BECKER PRINTING CO., ST. LOUIS. 






NEW ZEALAND. 



CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS 



MADE BY THE 



NEW ZEALAND GOVERNMENT 



AT THE 



LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION. 



A FEW OF THE AWARDS GAINED BY THE NEW 
ZEALAND EXHIBIT. 

Woollen Manufactured Goods ...Grand Prize 

Wool Grand Prize 

Grain Grand Prize 

Hops Grand Prize 

Kauri Gum Grand Prize 

Government Works on Agriculture, etc Grand Prize 

Publications on Social Economy. Grand Prize 

Completeness and Beauty of Installation. Gold Medal 

Phormium Tenax Gold Medal 

Carbonated Waters Gold Medal 

Liquors .. Gold Medal 

Ale and Laager Beer Gold Medal 

Maori Paintings Gold Medal 

Collection of Fish, Birds and Deer Head. .......... .Gold Medal 

Polished Native Woods Gold Medal 

Wood Carving Gold Medal 

Also Nine Silver and Nine Bronze Medals. 



INTRODUCTORY. 

The Exhitrit made by the New Zealand Government at the Louisiana Purchase 
Exposition is primarily intended to make known to the world the attractions New 
Zealand offers to tourists. Incidentally a few of the leading products of the 
colony have been brought to the World's Fair, and to a slight extent they serve 
to indicate the country's productiveness. 



. . .♦. 



• • • 
4 a • • - 



; • . • i • • 5 ■ *i 

• • • 
• .■•••■• • 



. - .- • . •■ - 

• • • • • 



8 oEP 1905 
D. of 0. 

TMP96-024965 



EXHIBIT IN PALACE OE AGRICULTURE. 

WOOL. 

New Zealand, by reason of its unrivalled soil and superb climate, is pre- 
eminently a stock-raising country, and the New Zealand sheep farmer has 
no difficulty in rearing large flocks of sheep and lambs, which provide the most 
succulent meat and a magnificently fibred wool. This result is obtained without 
any special feeding beyond the pasturage that grows luxuriantly all the year 
round. There are twenty millions of sheep in New Zealand at the present time, 
and last year the exports under this head totalled in value: Wool, $19,622,420; 
mutton and lamb, $13,389,425. Roughly speaking about 3,000,000 carcasses of 
mutton and lamb are frozen and shipped to London every year. The wool is sent 
to the same market. 

DETAILS. 

1 — Four fleeces Merino wool, weighing 69% pounds. 

2 — Seven fleeces Merino wool and fifteen pounds scoured wool. 

3 — 200 woolen traveling robes. Manufactured by the Mosgiel Woolen Manu- 
facturing Company, Dunedin. 

4 — 1 dozen Blankets, manufactured by Mosgiel Manufacturing Company, Dune- 
din. 

PHORMIUM TENAX OR NATIVE FLAX. 

Phormium Tenax, the scientific name given to the native flax of New Zealand, 
corresponds to some extent to the hemp of other countries and is used in the manu- 
facture of twine and rope. In former times the Maoris (the natives of New Zea- 
land) made their wearing apparel from flax. The flax industry has made tre- 
mendous strides in recent years. That branch of trade offers great promise to 
investors. The flax grows on swampy land without special cultivation and last year 
the export value reached $2,875,765. In this connection it may be interesting to 
mention that the New Zealand Government offers a bonus to anyone inventing a 
process that, complying with its requirements, shall constitute an improvement 
upon present methods of treating New Zealand flax. Every bale of flax is graded 
for quality by a Government grader before it is exported from New Zealand. 

DETAILS. 

5 — 100 balls of harvesting twine, manufactured in Dunedin from New Zealand 
phormium tenax. 

6 — 2 bales flax, fine quality. 

8 — 2 bales flax, fair average quality. 

8 — 2 bales flax, good fair quality. 

9 — 3 bales of flax, good fair quality. 

10 — 50 mats of phormium tenax made by hand by the Maoris. 

TIMBER. 

New Zealand is a heavily timbered country and possesses vast forests of native 
trees. Many of the trees yield timber of the most useful kind, both hard and 
soft varieties being obtainable in large quantities. As a consequence almost all 
the residences of New Zealand are frame built and most of the furniture used is 
manufactured in the colony from New Zealand timber. The woods most generally 
in use are kauri, from which kauri gum is obtained; rimu, or red pine; totara, 
and kahikatea, or white pine. The latter is specially useful for manufacture of 
butter boxes on account of its freedom from resinous or other flavoring. 

3 



DETAILS. 

11 — One panel Cloudy Totara. 

12 — One panel Mottled Kauri. 

13 — One panel Curly Puriri. 

14 — One panel Figured Kauri. 

15 — One panel Wavy Totara. 

16 — One pair of Kauri Panel Doors. 

GRAIN AND SEEDS. 

The peculiarly favorable combination of soil and climate that obtains in New 
Zealand makes it a veritable Paradise for the farmer, for in no other country in 
the world can he so confidently depend upon nature rewarding his toil with a 
bountiful harvest. From one end of the country to the other mountain-fed streams 
that are never dry intersect the land, making irrigation unnecessary, whilst a copi- 
ous rainfall in winter, with frequent showers in spring and summer insure plenti- 
ful pasture all the years round and prolific crops. Droughts are never experienced 
in New Zealand. In the early days of the country's development wheat growing 
was the principal occupation of the New Zealand farmer who exported large quan- 
tities to London every year, but the growth of the frozen meat trade opened up 
an even more lucrative industry, and in recent years more attention has been paid 
to sheep raising and dairying than to the growth of cereals. Last year the average 
yield of wheat for the whole of the country was 38% bushels to the acre, and of 
oats 45 bushels. Oats are reckoned at 40 pounds to the bushel. 

DETAILS. 

(In reference to the time of sowing it must be remembered that the seasons 
in New Zealand are opposite to those in America. When it is summer in New Zea- 
land it is winter in America.) 

One bag of New Zealand-grown field beans. The average crop of these is 
some 50 to 60 bushels to the acre. They are generally grown on the reclaimed 
swamp or heavy land and are cut with a reaper and binder and threshed by 
machinery. Average price per bushel of 60 pounds, 75 cents. 

One bag of Partridge or Maple Peas. These average from 40 to 50 bushels 
per acre, are generally the first crop grown after the land is ploughed out in 
grass. The peas are cut with a side-delivery reaping machine and threshed by the 
special pea-threshing machinery. The average price is 85 cents per bushel. 

One bag of Prussian Peas. These generally require a good soil, are generally 
the first crop of land ploughed out of grass; average crop 25 to 35 bushels per 
acre; cut by side-delivery reaping machine and threshed by special pea machinery. 
Average price, 96 cents per bushel. 

One bag of Imperial Peas. Average crop 20 to 30 bushels per acre. These re- 
quire good land and usually are sown on land ploughed out of grass. The crop 
is cut with a side-delivery reaper, and threshed by special pea machinery. Average 
price, $1.20 per bushel. 

Tuscan Wheat. — A large berried variety for spring sowing. Usually sown in Can- 
terbury during the month of August, but on some lands it will do equally well 
in September. Yield in favorable seasons runs from 40 to 50 bushels per acre, 
according to quality of land. This and the two following varieties are reaped 
in January, as a rule. 

Hunters White Red Chaff Wheat. — A soft winter wheat sown in June. It stools 
out very well, sending up as many as 12 to 14 seed-bearing stems, so that on 
good land, yields of 60 bushels per acre and over are frequently secured. 



Pearl Wheat. — A winter wheat sown at the same time as the preceding. It is a 
hard, flinty-grained variety, and is used by our millers for mixing with the 
softer sorts. Yield runs from 40 to 50 bushels per acre. 

Canadian Oats. — Chiefly grown for milling purposes. The yield in favorable season 
runs from 50 to 60 bushels per acre. The natural weight per bushel is high, 
sometimes up to 50 pounds. 

Sparrow Bill Oats. — Another variety chiefly grown for feed purposes, and generally 
yielding more than the preceding — 60 to 70 bushels per acre is not an un- 
common result. Natural weight per bushel often reaches 48 pounds. 

Dun Oats. — These are sown early as a rule, fed off by sheep, and then allowed to 
go to seed, when yields of 80 bushels per acre or more are usually secured. A 
favorite feed for race horses, being very thin skinned. 

Danish Oats. — This variety is also sown early and fed off before being seeded, 
yield runs from 80 to 100 bushels per acre. The straw is generally cut up for 
chaff without being threshed. 

White Tartar Oats. — A side-bearing variety, used for the same purposes as the 
preceding and equally prolific. 

Cocksfoot. — (Dactylis Glomerata.) — The seed of this grass is an important article 
of export from New Zealand, the annual output being about 5,000,000 pounds, 
which is nearly all saved in the Province of Canterbury. It is an early grass 
of rapid growth, high feeding properties, and a true perennial. For seed the 
land is closed up in September, and the crop harvested in January or Febru- 
ary. Yield about 300 pounds per acre. 

Perennial Rye-Grass. — (Lolium Perenne.) — Probably the oldest cultivated grass in 
existence, and, despite occasional adverse criticism of its merits, it is still 
the leading variety in all temperate parts of the world. It will grow on almost 
any soil, comes"" to maturity within a year of sowing, and produces a large 
crop of nutritious herbage. Yield of seed in Canterbury varies from 600 to 
1,000 pounds per acre. 

Italian Rye-Grass. — (Lolium Italicum.) — This biennial grass is not of such an 
adaptable constitution as the preceding. On moist, rich soils, however, it 
produces in a few months from time of sowing, very heavy crops. Yield of 
seed is sometimes as high as 1,600 to 2,000 pounds per acre. 

Timothy. — (Phleum Pratense.) — About the latest of the cultivated grasses to flower, 
and therefore valuable for autumn green feed. It produces large crops on 
medium and heavy soils. It is largely grown in the south of New Zealand. 

Red Clover. — (Trefolium Pratense.) — This, the most important of the clover family, 
has been in cultivation for several hundred years. It flourishes in a wide 
range of soils, withstands considerable drought, the produce is highly nutri- 
tious and relished by all classes of stock in the green and dry state. Yield 
of seed 200 to 400 pounds per acre. A large area is devoted to this crop in 
Canterbury, and the seed finds more favor with our farmers than the im- 
ported article, being of more rapid and robust growth. 

White Clover. — (Trefolium Repens.) — Has been in cultivation for about the same 
period as Red Clover, and, like that variety, is thoroughly naturalized in New 
Zealand. Its chief value is in pasture, for which it is indispensable, and it 
should be used in all mixtures for this purpose, as it does well on almost any 
soil that will support vegetation. Yield of seed 200 pounds to 400 pounds per 
acre. 

TALLOW. 

The tallow from the freezing works and slaughter houses is largely utilized 
in the country for the manufacture of soap, and in addition a substantial export 
trade is carried on. Since 1894 the export value of tallow has increased from 
$1,022,495 to $2,750,655 in 1902. 

DETAILS. 

17 — Two casks of tallow. 



RABBIT SKINS. 

At one time rapid increase of rabbits in certain parts of New Zealand 
threatened to become a pest. The Government enacted laws compelling farmers 
to take steps to eradicate them. New Zealand farmers then turned their attention 
to the utilization of the rabbit as a revenue producer and found that there was a 
market in London for the frozen carcasses and in America and London for the skins. 
So profitable did the industry become that in some parts of the country it has 
been systematically fostered until "Bunny," instead of a curse, has proved a 
blessing to the farmer. Last year over $1,000,000 were obtained from this source. 

DETAILS. 

18 — Collection of rabbit skins ready for export. 

HOPS. 

The cultivation of Hops in New Zealand has up to the present been confined 
mainly to the Nelson district, where both climate and soil conduce to a prolific 
growth of the finest quality of hops. 

DETAILS, 

19 — One tin of Hops. 

NEW ZEALAND SCENERY. 

Travelers who visit New Zealand describe it as "the Wonderland of the 
World." Neither the renowned fiords of Norway nor the mountains of Switzerland 
exceed in beauty and grandeur the unspeakable charms of the Otago Sounds or 
the wondrous majesty of the Southern Alps of New Zealand. Indeed, in its in- 
finite variety and overpowering majesty the scenic resources of New Zealand are 
quite unparalleled and offer unique attractions to the lover of the beautiful and 
grand in nature. Besides the charms of rugged mountains, immense glaciers, rush- 
ing waterfalls, magnificent canons and marvelous lakes, New Zealand possesses the 
most remarkable manifestations of thermal activity to be found anywhere on the 
globe. Chief amongst these interesting and awe-inspiring attractions is the giant 
Waimangu Geyser, which hurls a mass of boiling water, mud and stones to the 
height of 1,500 feet. This geyser is regarded as one of the wonders of the world. 
The photographs and paintings that hang around the walls attempting to indicate 
the beauties of this Paradise of the Pacific and the wonders of the thermal dis- 
tricts have in the majority of instances been obtained and exhibited by the Gov- 
ernment Department of Tourist and Health Resorts. 

DETAILS. 

55 — Enlarged photograph of Arthur River, Milford Sound. 

56 — Enlarged photograph showing Maori Salutation. 

57 — Enlarged photograph of Mt. Cook, Southern Alps. The highest mountain 
in New Zealand. Height, 12,349 feet. 

58 — Enlarged photograph of Ice Valley, Hochstetter Ice Falls, Southern Alps. 
The Hochstetter Ice Falls are three miles wide. 

59 — Enlarged photograph giving panoramic view of Auckland City. Popula- 
tion 67,220, 

00 — Enlarged photograph, of Lake Manawapouri, Otago. This is one of the 
loveliest of all lakes and has an area of 40 square miles. 

61 — Enlarged photograph of Milford Sound, Otago, one of the most famous 
fiords in the world. The sublime mountain cliffs which hem in this winding fiord 

6 



rise to heights of from 3,000 to 6,000 feet, sloping back to still greater eminences, 
gleaming with glaciers. 

62 — Enlarged photograph of a Maori Haka, the ancient war dance of the 
Maoris. 

63 — Enlarged photograph of The Francis Joseph Glacier, Southern Alps. This 
glacier extends to within a few hundred feet of the sea level. Its lower limits are 
enveloped in ferns and other forest vegetation. 

64 — Enlarged photograph of a Maori maiden. 

65 — Enlarged photograph of Milford Sound. 

66 — Enlarged photograph showing sunset at Lake Manawapouri. 

67 — Enlarged photograph of Lake Wakatipu, Queenstown, Southland. The 
center of the famous Cold Lakes district. Lake Wakatipu is the most easily 
reached of all the southern lakes and is a magnificent serpentine compassed with 
mountains of stern and lofty grandeur; 200 fathoms deep. 

68 — Enlarged photograph of Cleddau Valley, Milford Sound, Otago. 

69 — Enlarged photograph of the Kauri Tree. The Kauri is one of the best 
known and most useful of New Zealand timbers. It grows to the height of 100 
feet and up to 12 feet in diameter. 

70 — Enlarged photograph of Balloon Peak, Milford Sound, Otago. 

71 — Enlarged photograph of Mt. Sefton, Otago. Height, 10,350 feet. A pile 
of ice-clad glory within easy reach of the Hermitage Hotel. 

72 — Enlarged photograph of Glacier, Southern Alps. 

73 — Enlarged photograph of the New Plymouth Gardens. These gardens are 
maintained by the municipality of New Plymouth. 

74 — Enlarged photograph of Lake Te Anau, Southland, 38 miles long. 

75 — Enlarged photograph of Mt. Cook. 

76 — Enlarged photograph depicting coaching in the Buller Gorge — a splendid 
road and favorite tourist route. 

77 — Enlarged photograph of Lake Manawapouri. 

78 — Enlarged photograph of Milford Sound. 

79 — Enlarged photograph showing Maori woman and child. 

80 — Enlarged photograph of Arthur River, Milford Sound. 

81 — Enlarged photograph showing tourists watching the Wairoa Geyser in 
action at Whakarewarewa. 

82 — Enlarged photograph of Red Deer head (shot in New Zealand). 

83 — Enlarged photograph of the Fox Glacier, Southern Alps. A magnificent 
glacier, easily accessible. 

84 — Enlarged photograph of Mount Cook. 

85 — Enlarged photograph of Milford Sound. 

86 — Enlarged photograph of Hawk's Crag, Buller Gorge, Nelson. 

87 — Enlarged photograph, showing a Maori salutation. 

88 — Enlarged photograph of a Maori maiden. 

89 — Enlarged photograph of a Maori woman. 

90 — Enlarged photograph of a Maori chief. 

91 — Enlarged photograph of Ngaruhoe Mountain, North Island. Height, 7,515 
feet. 

92 — Enlarged photograph of Sulphur Springs, Ketetahi, North Island. These 
springs have been burning for centuries. 

93 — Enlarged photograph showing port of Greymouth. 

94 — Photograph enlargement showing boiling water at Lake Rotomahana. 

95 — Enlarged photograph showing the town of Greymouth. 

96 — Enlarged photograph showing Maoris stalking the Moa. 

97 — Enlarged photograph showing the Waimangu Geyser in action. 

98 — Enlarged photograph of Malte Brun hut, Mt. Cook, Southern Alps; pro- 
vided and maintained by the Government for the use of tourists. 

99 — Enlarged photograph of Lake Te Anau. 

100 — Enlarged photograph of the summit of Mt. Ruapehu; height, 8,878 feet. 
On the top is a boiling pool of water surrounded by snow. 

101 — Enlarged photograph of Lake Ada, on the Milford Sound Track. A 
lake beautifully situated with picturesque surroundings and teeming with trout. 



102 — Enlarged photograph of Smith Sound, Southland. This sound is unsur- 
passed in loveliness. 

103 — Enlarged photograph of Tokaanu, Lake Taupo, a Maori township in the 
Thermal district. 

104 — Enlarged photograph of a geyser, Taupo. 

105 — Enlarged photograph of the Wanganui River, known as the New Zealand 
Rhine; is navigable by steamers for 100 miles and passes through superb scenery- 
A favorite route for tourists. 

106 — Enlarged photograph showing "Frying Pan Flat," near Waimangu Geyser, 
continually burning, bubbling, sizzling. 

107 — Enlarged photograph showing hot springs at Okorire, a New Zealand 
health resort between Auckland and Rotorua. 

108 — Enlarged photograph of the Wanganui River. 

109 — Enlarged photograph of Mt. Earnslaw, Southland; height, 9,165 feet. 
Crowned with huge battlements of ice. 

110 — Enlarged photograph showing a panoramic view of Wellington City. 
Wellington is the capital city of New Zealand and the seat of Government. Popu- 
lation, 55,279. 

Ill — Enlarged photograph of Lyell Bridge, Buller Gorge, Nelson. 

112 — Enlarged photograph of Papa-O-Korito Waterfall, Lake Waikaremoana. 

113 — Enlarged photograph of Lake Manawapouri. 

114 — Enlarged photograph of De La Beche and Minaret Peaks, Mt. Cook. 

115 — Enlarged photograph of Sterling Falls, Milford Sound, Otago. 

116 — Enlarged photograph showing Maori Haka (war dance). 

117 — Enlarged photograph showing The Falls Huts, Milford Sound Track, 
Otago. ' 

118 — Enlarged photograph of the Buller Gorge, Nelson. 

119 — Enlarged photograph of Papaokoriti Falls, Waikaremoana. 

120 — Enlarged photograph showing the Government Gardens, Rotorua. 

121 — Enlarged photograph showing Maori Haka (native war dance). 

122 — Enlarged photograph showing The Great Waimangu Geyser, near Rotorua. 

123 — Enlarged photograph showing the Great Waimangu Geyser, near Rotorua. 

124 — Enlarged photograph showing steam clouds at Waimangu. 

125 — Enlarged photograph showing the Great Waimangu Geyser playing 1,500 
feet. 

126 — Enlarged photograph of Waimangu Geyser. 

127 — Enlarged photograph of steam clouds at Waimangu Geyser. 

128 — Enlarged photograph of steam clouds at Waimangu Geyser. 

129 — Enlarged photograph of steam clouds at Waimangu Geyser. 

130 — Enlarged photograph of the Mokau Falls, Lake Waikaremoana. 

131 — Panoramic view of the thermal district of Whakarewarewa, Rotorua. 

132 — Enlarged photograph of Lake Waikaremoana, a gem of loveliness. 

133 — Panoramic view of Dunedin City, Otago, population 55,000. 

134 — Enlarged photograph showing a Maori salutation. 

135 — Enlarged photograph showing Lake Wakatipu, Southland, 60 miles in 
length, surrounded by rugged mountains. 

126 — Enlarged photograph of Mitre Peak, Milford Sound, Otago. Height 
5,560 feet. 

127 — Enlarged photograph showing Lake Te Anau, Southland, 38 miles long 
and 6 miles wide; has a coast line of 250 miles. 

128 — Enlarged photograph showing coaching in the Buller Gorge. 

129 — Enlarged photograph of the Wanganui River. 

130 — Enlarged photograph of Lake Manawapouri. 

131 — Enlarged photograph of Lake Kaneiri, Westland. A beautiful lake. 

132 — Enlarged photograph of Mt. Daniells, Milford Track. 

133 — Enlarged photograph showing Maori Haka (native dance). 

134 — Enlarged photograph of the Southern Alps. 

135 — Enlarged photograph of Milford Sound. 

136 — Enlarged photograph of Milford Sound Track. 

137 — Enlarged photograph of Buller Gorge, Nelson. 

138 — Enlarged photograph showing a Maori salutation. 



139 — Enlarged photograph showing a Maori salutation. 

140 — Enlarged photograph of a Maori girl. 

141 — Enlarged photograph showing Topia Turoa, a Maori chief. 

142 — Enlarged photograph of "Maraea," Rotorua. 

143 — Enlarged photograph of Honana Maioha, Maori girl. 

144 — Enlarged photograph of "Maggie," a Maori guide at Whakarewarewa. 

145 — Enlarged photograph showing women washing clothes in a hot pool in 
the thermal district at Rotorua. 

146 — Enlarged photograph showing Maori girls cooking food in natural steam 
holes, thermal district, Rotorua. 

147 — Enlarged photograph of the Wanganui River. 

148 — Enlarged photograph of Tikitere, "Hell's Gates," Rotorua (showing 
thermal action). 

149 — Enlarged photograph showing Maori girls cooking food in boiling springs 
at Rotorua. 

150 — Enlarged photograph of Hiruharama, a Maori village on the Wanganui 
River. 

151 — Enlarged photograph of a Maori whare (or house). 

152 — Enlarged photograph of a Maori chief. 

153 — Enlarged photograph of a Maori chief. 

154 — Enlarged photograph of a Maori chief. 

154— Enlarged photograph of a Maori chief. 

155 — Enlarged photograph of a Maori girl. 

156 — Enlarged photograph of Lake Manawapouri. 

157 — Enlarged photograph of the Bealey Gorge, Canterbury. 

158 — Enlarged photograph of The Lion, Milford Sound. 

159 — Enlarged photograph of Lake Te Anau. 

160 — Enlarged photograph of Lake Manawapouri. 

161 — Enlarged photograph of Milford Sound. 

162 — Enlarged photograph of a Maori woman. 

163 — Enlarged photograph of the Waimangu Geyser. 

164 — Enlarged photograph of Maori chief. 

165 — Enlarged photograph of Lake Manawapouri. 

166 — Enlarged photograph showing a New Zealand sheep sale. 

167 — Enlarged photograph showing a Maori poi dance. 

168 — Enlarged photograph of a gold dredge on the Buller Gorge. New Zea- 
land exports gold to the value of $10,000,000 annually. 

169 — Enlarged photograph of Mt. Sefton, Southern Alps. 

170 — Enlarged photograph showing a Maori poi dance. 

171 — Enlarged photograph showing a Maori poi dance. 

WATER COLORS. 

172 to 182 — Water-colored paintings of the Waitomo Caves. These caves are 
of limestone formation and are situated in the Auckland district. As shown in 
the pictures, the stalactites and stalagmites assume the most fantastic shapes and 
brilliant colors. Artist: Walter Leslie. 

184 — Pastel of Lake Te Anau. Artist: Douglas Perritt. 

185— Pastel of Milford Sound. Artist': Douglas Perritt. 

186 — Pastel of Lake Waikaremoana. Artist: Douglas Perritt. 

187 — Pastel of Lake Waikaremoana. Artist: Douglas Perritt. 

188 — Pastel of Milford Sound. Artist: Douglas Perritt. 

189 — Pastel of Lake Ada. Artist: Douglas Perritt. 

190 to 195 — Colored photographs of Maoris. 

OIL PAINTINGS. 

196 — Oil painting of Lake Pukaki, Southland. Artist: H. W. Kirkwood. 
197 — Oil painting of Cleddau River, Milford Sound. Artist: H. W. Kirkwood. 
198 — Oil painting of Chief Taraia-Ngakuki: Ngati-Tamatera tribe, Ohinemutu. 
Artist: G, Lindauer. 

199 — Oil painting of a Maori chief. 
200 — Oil painting of a Maori child. 
201 — Oil painting of a Maori woman. 

9 



202 — Oil painting showing the arrival of the Maoris in New Zealand. In this 
picture the artists, Messrs. C. F. Goldie and L. T. Steel endeavor to depict the 
sighting of New Zealand by the Maoris about 600 years ago. Tradition says that 
they were in a famished condition on arrival in that fertile country from "Hawaiki." \ 
The sufferings of the intrepid adventurers are vividly portrayed. The painting is 
lent to the Government of New Zealand for exhibition at the Louisiana Purchase 
Exposition by the Auckland City Council. 

203 — Oil painting of a Maori chief. 

204 — Oil painting of a Maori chief, Heta Te Haara, Ohaeawai. Artist: G. 
Lindauer. 

205 Oil painting of a Maori war canoe. 

206 Oil painting of Lake Brunner. 

207 Oil painting of a Maori chief. 

208 — Oil painting of Smith Sound. Artist: W. E. Kirk wood. 
209 — Oil painting of Carswell Sound. Artist: W. E. Kirkwood. 
210 — Oil painting of Great Barrier. Artist: W. E. Kirkwood. 
211 — Oil painting of Ohinemutu. Artist: W. Wright. 
212 — Oil painting of Smith Sound. Artist: W. E. Kirkwood. 
213 — Oil painting of Maraea, a Maori girl. 

214 — Oil painting of "The Burning Cliffs at Lake Rotomahana." 
215— Oil painting of Mt. Cook. 
216 — Oil painting of a Maori woman. 
217 — Oil painting of the Wanganui River. 

218 to 220 — Paintings showing Maori rafter patterns, by A. Hamilton. 
221 — A New Zealand lighthouse chart. 
222 — New Zealand scenic post cards. 

223 — Five pieces of hand carving in Rimu, depicting New Zealand birds, by 
Brownlie, Dunedin. 

224 — Picturesque atlas of Australasia; three volumes. 

225 — Red deer head. Lent by Mr. John Strang, Glenside Station, Gladstone. 

Oil paintings Nos. 198 and 204 were lent to the New Zealand Government by 
Mr. H. E. Partridge, of Auckland City, for exhibition at the Louisiana Purchase 
Exposition. 

PRIVATE EXHIBITS. 

Clapham Brothers, Ashurst, New Zealand. 

226 — The Clapham horse holder and wheel lock. Wheel attachment. This 
contrivance hitches the horse by the reins to a strap connected with the wheel. 
A second strap for safety serves to check the wheel in case of a backward move- 
ment. The invention is complete in itself, no weights or hitching posts being 
necessary. It draws the reins naturally if the horse attempts to advance. 

227 — Wiseman's automatic burglar-proof sash lock. This device locks the 
windows automatically whether open or closed. Full use may be made for ven- 
tilation purposes without fear of depredations of burglars. 

228 — Page's dust-proof, screw cup, self-adjusting axle coupling. Will not let 
wheel come off even when an axle breaks at the shoulder. The screw cup is a 
very convenient fastening while being perfectly safe. 

229 — Cooper's automatic skim milk weigher for creameries. Weighs out skim 
milk accurately in any quantity and at any reasonable distance from the office 
at which the machine is operated. 

230 — Murphy's non-chafing, close-fitting neck fastener for animal covers. A 
prong of iron fits the neck as a collar and allows perfect freedom while the animal 
feeds or rolls. Causes the cover to fit well and cannot possibly chafe. 

231 — Brake's safety breeching clip. Prevents accidents in taking horse from 
shafts as the horse releases himself from the breeching. 

232 — Hair's Whipple tree ends. A slot bolt — safe and convenient. In emer- 
gency the traces may be released from the Whipple tree while traveling at full 
speed. 

233 — Lyell's filter and butter cooler is a cooling filter based on the principle 
of evaporation. A butter cooler without ice is inserted in the filter. 

10 



Union Steamship Company of New Zealand, Limited. 

The Union Steamship Company of New Zealand, Limited, is an institution 
which, founded in 1875, has grown with the country until at the present time it 
occupies a leading position amongst Australian shipping firms. This company's 
steamers trade on the New Zealand and Australian coasts, to the Pacific Islands, 
and also from New Zealand to Australian ports and to Vancouver. 

STATISTICAL INFORMATION REGARDING UNION COMPANY'S OPERATIONS 

PLANT. 

Fifty-three steamers. 

Total gross tonnage 98,432 

Total I. H. P S4,280 

MILEAGE. 

Miles steamed per annum 2,000,000 

COALS. 

Coals consumed per annum — tons 260,000 

WAGES. 

Amount paid in Wages and salaries per annum $3,000,000 

EMPLOYEES. 

Number of officers and crew afloat, persons 2,136 

Number of shore hands " 174 

Clerical staff " 285 

Head office, Dunedin, New Zealand. 

DETAILS. 

234 — Model of steamship Manuka, 8 feet by 2 feet. 

235 to 243 — Framed photograph of the Union Steamship Company's steamers. 
244 — Route map of Union Steamship Company's services. 

245 — Shield bearing names and tonnages of Union Steamship Company's fleet. 
246 — Framed photograph of head office of Union Steamship Company in 
Dunedin. 

Herman C. Schmidt & Co., Photographers, Auckland. 

247 — Collection of eighteen framed photographs for competition. 

The Christchurch Meat Company, Ltd., Canterbury, New Zealand. 

248 — Three framed photographs showing the Islington Freezing Works, Can- 
terbury, New Zealand. 

Hancock & Co., Brewers, Auckland. 

249 — Lager beer brewed in New Zealand from New Zealand hops. 
250 — Imperial ale brewed in New Zealand from New Zealand hops. 

Thompson & Co., Cordial and Mineral Water Manufacturers, Dunedin. 

251 — Mineral waters, cordials, soda water, lemonade, ginger ale, etc. 

William Adams, Blenheim. 
252 — One bale. Bale hemp prepared by Wililam Adams, Blenheim. 

Donald Donald, Masterton. 
251 — Patent jack. 

11 



EXHIBIT IN THE DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY 

AND GAME. 

Exhibit Made by the New Zealand Government. 

Timbers: — 

500 — Mottled and figured Puriri. 

501— Mottled Kauri. 

502 — Figured Kauri. 

503 — Mottled and figured Kauri. 

504— Mottled Totara. 

505 — Figured Kauri. 

506 — Figured Rimu. 

507 — Figured Totara. 

KAURI GUM. 

Kauri gum is the sap of the Kauri pine tree, solidified by the action of the 
earth in which it has remained for thousands of years. It is found in small de- 
posits, varying from a few ounces to several pounds in weight, scattered over an 
area of many millions of acres, ranging from the 30th to the 37th degree of 
longitude, in the North Island of New Zealand. It is found at depths ranging from 
6 inches to iy 2 feet in upland to several feet in swamps. 

The presence of the gum is discovered by prodding the earth with a slender 
spear and then obtained by digging. The "day's find" is taken to the gum digger's 
camp and there cleaned of earth or dross. It is then sent to Auckland City and 
sold to the large English and American exporting firms, who grade it according 
to size, strength and color into the gradings required for the manufacture of var- 
nishes and ship it to their respective houses. An idea of the extent of the trade 
may be gathered from the fact that over 10,000 diggers are constantly engaged 
searching for the gum. The world's consumption of the gum in the year 1903 was 
93,000 cases, valued at nearly $5,000,000. America consumes nearly two-thirds of 
the quantity of gum produced. 

DETAILS. 

508 — Two cases of Kauri Gum. One of the finest collections in existence. Lent 
to the New Zealand Government by Messrs. G. W. S. Patterson & Co., New York, 
London and Auckland, N. Z. 
FISH: — 

509 — One Salmon Fario, male 19 1 / 4 -pounds. Caught at Blenheim. 

510 — One Salmon Fario, female, 28% pounds. Caught at Blenheim. 

510A — One Salmon Fario, female, 16 pounds. Caught at Blenheim. Salmon 
Fario was introduced into New Zealand from Great Britain about thirty years ago. 
It has been distributed all over the Colony until almost every lake, river and 
stream in that abundantly watered country is heavily stocked with trout. 

511 — Ten specimens of mounted Rainbow Trout, 10 to 16 pounds in weight. 
Caught in Lake Rotorua. Rainbow Trout was introduced into New Zealand from 
California, U. S. A. It has thriven in the North Island in a marvelous manner and 
affords excellent sport. New Zealand is known generally as "The Angler's Para- 
dise." 

BIRDS: — 

512 — One case containing three Huias, one male, one female, one young Huia 
and two Tuis or parson birds. 

513 — One stuffed Kakapo or Night Parrot. 

514 — One stuffed Kakapo or Night Parrot. 

515 — One stuffed Kea. 

12 



516 — One stuffed Kea. The Kea Parrots sometimes attack fully grown live 
sheep and eat their kidney fat, leaving the other portion untouched. 

517 — One pair stuffed Wekas (Maori Hens). 

518— One stuffed Weka. 

519 — One stuffed Kiwi. Locality, North Island, (a wingless bird). 

520 — One stuffed Kiwi. Locality, North Island, (a wingless bird). 

521 — One stuffed Kiwi. Locality, South Island, (a wingless bird). 

522— One Kaka. 

523— One Kaka. 
BIG GAME: — 

524 — Ten heads of Red Deer. Lent to the New Zealand Government by Mr. 
T. Edward Donne, Wellington City, for exhibition at the Louisiana Purchase Ex- 
position. 

525 — One head of Red Deer. Lent to the New Zealand Government by Mr. 
Peter Gow, of Waipukurau, for exhibition at the' Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 
In 1862 the late Prince Consort presented three Scotch Red Deer to the New Zea- 
land Government. The heads exhibited are from the progeny of these three deer, 
which now number over 10,000. Their antlers are among the best in the world. 

526 — Seven heads of Fallow BUck. Lent to the New Zealand Government by 
Mr. F. H. Combes, of Auckland City, N. Z., for exhibition at the Louisiana Pur- 
chase Exposition. 

527 — One head of Wild Boar. (Pigs were introduced into New Zealand by 
Capt. Cook as an addition to the food supply of the natives.) 

528 — Maori handicraft. One Maori carved Pare and Waewae (doorway) inlaid 
with Pawa Shell. This handsome ornament is of Totara timber and was carved 
by Maori artists from their own designs. 

529 — Two Maori carved canoe paddles of Manuka timber. 

530 — One Teko-teko of Totara timber. Figurehead for roof of whare (house). 
Carved by Maoris. 

530A— One Teko-teko (female). 

531 to 533 — Three Maori clubs. Carved whalebone. 

534 to 537 — Feather robes made by Maoris. 

538 — One flax robe. 

Nos. 528 to 538 were lent to the ftew Zealand Government by Mr. T. Edward 
Donne, Wellington City, N. Z., for exhibition at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 

MANUFACTURES : — 

539 — One handsomely bound book on "Maori Art," by Mr. A. Hamilton, Di- 
rector of Colonial Museum, Wellington City, N. Z. 

540 — Exhibit of Jade (green stone) manufactured by H. A. Neilson & Son, 
Auckland City, N. Z. 

540A — Miniature tree made from human hair, by Mrs. H. A. Neilson, Auckland 
City. 

ART: — 

541 — One oil painting, "The Tohunga Under Tapu." Artist: G. Lindauer. 

542 — One oil painting, "The Tohunga Ta Moko at Work." Artist: G. Lindauer. 

543 — One oil painting, portrait of Maori Matutaera ("King Tawhiao"). Artist: 
.G. Lindauer. 

544 — One oil painting, portrait of Maori Chief Kira Te Kawau. Artist: G. 
Lindauer. 

545 — One oil painting, portrait of Maori Chief Kawane Te Haho. Artist: G. 
Lindauer. 

546 — One oil painting, portrait of Maori Chief Wahanui of Ngatimaniapoto. 
Artist: G. Lindauer. 

547 — One oil painting, portrait of Huria Matene, the "Grace Darling" of New 
Zealand. Artist: G. Lindauer. 

548 — One oil painting of Ana Rupene and child. Artist: G. Lindauer. 

Oil paintings Nos. 541 to 548 are lent to the New Zealand Government by Mr. 
H. E. Partridge, Auckland City, N. Z., for exhibition at the Louisiana Purchase 
Exposition. 

549 — Colored portrait of Maori girls. 

550 — One oil painting, The Cosmos Peaks. Artist: C. H. Ho worth. 

13 



551 — One oil painting, Matukituki River. Artist: L. M. Wilson. 

552 — One frame colored photograph of five Maoris (showing youth to old age). 

553 — One colored photograph of Maori Chief Tamati Waka Nene. 

554 — One pastel, Lake Te Anau. Artist: Douglas Perrett. 

555 — One enlarged photograph, The Waimangu Geyser Crater. Area of boiling 
water in crater, 319 feet long by 182 feet wide. 

550 — One enlarged photograph of Waimangu Geyser in action. 

557 — One oil painting, Winter Morning, Lake Coleridge. Artist: J. Gibb. 

558 — One enlarged photograph, "The Champagne Pool," Wairakei. 

559 — Enlarged photograph, the Wanganui River. 

5G0 — Enlarged photograph, Guide "Maggie" saluting the Teko-teko. 

561 — Colored photograph of Maori girls. 

5G2 — Colored photograph of Maori chief. 

563 — Colored photograph of Maori child. 

564 — One oil painting, Lake Ada. Artist: J. Peele. 

565 — One enlarged photograph, The Great Waimangu Geyser in action. 

566 — One oil painting, Otira Gorge. Artist: J. M. Madden. 

567 — One oil painting, Wet Jacket Arm, Milford Sound. Artist: J. Peele. 

568 — One frame of colored photographs of Maori girls. 

569 — One frame of New Zealand postage stamps. 

570 — One oil painting, The Hollyford Glacier. Artist: C. H. Ho worth. 

571 — One colored photograph of Maori girl. 

572 — One colored photograph of Maori woman and child. 

573 — One oil painting of Maori chief. Artist: Charles E. Carter. 

574 — One oil painting of Maori chief. Artist: Charles E. Carter. 

575 — One pastel, "The Drop Scene," Wanganui River. Artist: Douglas Perrett. 

576 — One pastel, The Clinton River. Artist: Douglas Perrett. 

577 — One pastel, Head of Lake Wakatipu. Artist: Douglas Perrett. 

578 — One oil painting, Mount Cook. Artist: Douglas Perrett. 

579 — One oil painting, Halls Arm, Milford Sound. Artist: J. Peele. 

580 — Colored photograph of Maori girl. 

581 — One colored photograph, Maori salutation. 

582 — One colored photograph, Maori salutation. 

583 — One colored photograph, Maori girl. 

584 — One colored photograph of Maori girl. 

585 — One colored photograph of Maori girl. 

586 — One oil painting, Lake Taupo. Artist: W. G. Baker. 

587 — One enlarged photograph of The Sutherland Falls, (height 1,904 feet). 
Framed in Kauri, Puriri and Honeysuckle timbers. 

588 — One enlarged photograph of Hongi's Track. Framed in Kauri, Honey- 
suckle and Puriri timbers. 

589 — One enlarged photograph, A Maori Village, framed in Kauri, Honeysuckle 
and Birch. 

590 — One enlarged photograph of a Maori monument to the late Queen Vic- 
toria; framed in Kauri, Ake, Rotunga and Pahautea. 

591 — One enlarged photograph of Hochstetter Ice Fall, Tasman Glacier. Framed 
in Kauri, Figured Birch and Honeysuckle timbers. 

592 — One enlarged photograph of the Wanganui River. Framed in Kauri, 
Honeysuckle and Yellowwood. 

593 — One photograph showing a train ascending the Rimutaka Incline. 

594 — One enlarged photograph of Harris Falls, Routeburn. Framed in Honey- 
suckle, Kauri and Manuka timbers. 

595 — One enlarged photograph, Mount Egmont. Framed in Kauri, Totaraknot 
and Puriri timbers. 

596 — One oil painting, The Great Waimangu Geyser. Artist: George E. Butler. 

597— One oil painting, Mt. Cook, (12,349 feet). Artist: George E. Butler. 

598 — One pastel, Lake Manawapouri. Artist: Douglas Perrett. 

599 — One pastel, Lake Te Anau. Artist: Douglas Perrett. 

600 — One photograph, Waimangu Geyser. 

601 — One photograph, The Dart Valley, head of Lake Wakatipu. Framed in 
Kauri, Hinau and Dark Mapu timbers. 

602 — One photograph of Maori carvings at Ohinemutu. 

14 



603 — One photograph of a Maori making eel basket. Framed in Kauri, Puriri 
and Honeysuckle timbers. 

604 — One oil painting of Lake Manawapouri. Artist: L. W. Wilson. 

605 — One enlarged photograph of a Maori home. Framed in Kauri, Rimu and 
Pahautea timbers. 

606 — One enlarged photograph of Wangauni River. Framed in Kauri, Honey- 
suckle and Birch timbers. 

607 — One enlarged photograph of boiling water, Lake Rotomahana. Framed 
in Kauri and Lancewood timbers. 

608 — One enlarged photograph of Lake Te Anau. Framed in Kauri. 

A FEW FACTS ABOUT NEW ZEALAND. 

Total area: 104,751 square miles. 
Population: 863,364. 
Annual exports: $75,873,695. 
Average wealth per head: $1,485. 

CLIMATE. 

There are no extremes of heat or cold. In summer the thermometer may 
register 85 degrees for a couple of hours in the middle of the day, but the mornings, 
evenings and nights are delightfully cool and bed coverings are necessary through- 
out the summer nights. Light frosts, cold winds and sufficiency of rain, with 
many days of sunshine intervening, are the characteristic features of a New Zea- 
land winter. 

SUNSHINE IN NEW ZEALAND. 

In Christchurch, one of New Zealand's southern cities, in 1902 the sun shone 
for 1,749.59 hours. During the whole twelve months there were only 39 days on 
which the sun was not visible. In the winter months of May, June and July, the 
sun shone on 78 days. Some of the northern cities show an even higher record of 
sunshine. 

LABOR CONDITIONS. 

Speaking in general terms, there are no unemployed in New Zealand at the 
present time. For both skilled and unskilled labor the demand is much greater 
than the supply. The workingman in New Zealand, therefore, has constant work 
all the year round. For unskilled labor wages in New Zealand are higher than 
in America; for skilled labor they are higher in some instances and lower in others. 
The cost of living is from 30 to 40 per cent, less in New Zealand than is the case 
in America. 

INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS 
FROM THE CAPITALIST'S POINT OF VIEW. 

No country in the world offers superior attractions to the man with capital. 
Almost every branch of industry usually associated with an up-to-date modern city 
is carried on under the most favorable conditions. The rapid growth of a country 
that is already "making good" as one of the world nations of the future ensures 
increased trade and prosperity every year. There are no restrictions to legitimate 
enterprise in New Zealand; on the contrary the legislation of the country ensures 
absolute freedom from the monopolizing trusts and harassing strikes that hamper 
industry in other countries. The recently published statistical pamphlet entitled. 
"Fifty Years' Progress in New Zealand" and the Government Year Book, both of 
which may be obtained on application to one of the attendants, give detailed in- 
formation as to the condition of all industries followed in New Zealand. 

15 



WHERE NEW ZEALAND GETS ITS WEALTH. 

The following is the value of a few of New Zealand exports for 1903: 

Wool $19,622,420 

Mutton 8,122,610 

Beef 1,909,115 

Lamb 5,266,815 

Butter 6,343,795 

Cheese 908,020 

Hemp 2,875,765 

Gold 9,757,130 

Silver 385,170 

Kauri gum 2,251,115 

Grain 5,229,930 

WHAT THE STATE DOES FOR THE PEOPLE. 

RAILWAYS. 

The New Zealand Government owns the railways, which have cost to date 
$100,000,000, and operate over 2,500 miles of lines. The policy adopted by the 
Government in the management of its railways is to reduce the rates for pas- 
senger traffic and for freight handling each year as the constantly increasing reve- 
nue makes this possible. In other words, after interest charges and working ex- 
penses have been paid profits go back to the people in the shape of reduced rates. 
During thirty-five years there has only been one serious accident resulting in loss 
of life on the New Zealand railways. • 

POSTAL. 

The Postal Department is one of the most efficient and up-to-date in the world. 
Two cents is the rate prevailing for letters within the colony or anywhere in the 
British Empire. Under the parcels post system a very large part of the country's 
business in this direction is conducted by the state, the charges being exceedingly 
low. 

TELEPHONES AND TELEGRAPHS. . 

Through its Postal Department the Government takes charge of all the tele- 
phones and telegraphs used in the colony. Both systems are very complete, prac- 
tically every town, large and small, being connected. The rates are very low and 
a telegram of twelve words can be sent from one end of the country to the other 
for twelve cents. 

SAVINGS BANK. 

The same Department also conducts a savings bank, which is very largely 
utilized by the people, and a money order business. Deposits may be made at 
nearly all postoffices. 

OLD AGE PENSIONS. 

In New Zealand every person over 65 years of age who needs it receives a 
pension, provided he or she possesses the necessary residential and other qualifica- 
tions. The old age pensioner walks into the postoffice and collects the pension 
once a month and no one knows whether the object of the visit is pension or 
postage stamps. This is to avoid any possible stigma of pauperism and the desired 
object is attained. 

Thus in New Zealand a person can, in the postoffice of any town, buy stamps, 
post a letter, send a telegram, bank money and, when eligible, collect a pension; 
get married, report a birth or death and insure his life. 

16 



FARMING. 

To protect farmers from exorbitant demands from money lenders the Govern- 
ment has established a department which loans money to farmers on the security 
of their holdings at a low rate of interest. It also leases allotments to persons de- 
sirous of engaging in farm work at an almost nominal rental and advances a half 
share of the money necessary to commence operations. The main policy of the 
Government is in the direction of inducing the people to settle on the land and 
become producers, and with this object in view it has arranged conditions so that 
an intending settler can obtain a holding of almost any description that he may 
desire, in whatever locality may suit his special requirements, with several choices 
as to the term and conditions of his lease, at a price suited to his own means. 
There are millions of acres of rich land in New Zealand awaiting settlement. 

The Government Agricultural Department assists farmers by conducting ex- 
perimental farms and disseminating useful scientific information, by endeavoring 
to improve the quality of the live stock, and in a variety of other ways. The Gov- 
ernment provides free the services of expert Dairy Instructors, Veterinary Sur- 
geons, Poultry Experts, Fruit-growing Experts, an Entomologist, an Agricultural 
Botanist and Chemist. Stud animals are at the disposal of farmers at low fees, 
and pure-bred poultry is sold to settlers at reduced rates; meat, butter, cheese, 
hemp and other products being inspected and graded by a Government official be- 
fore being allowed to leave the country. 

LIFE INSURANCE. 

For thirty-four years the Government has conducted a life insurance business 
in competition with the leading life insurance companies of the world. State se- 
curity and a sound management have caused the state institution to acquire the bulk 
of the insurance business in the country. A special pamphlet dealing with this 
department may be obtained gratis on application. 

COAL MINES. 

In response to a complaint on the part of the public that the coal companies 
of the colony were charging exorbitant rates to consumers the Government recently 
acquired and, is now operating two coal mines. So far it has not been considered 
necessary to enter into direct competition with existing companies in supplying the 
public and the mines are at present utilized only for the supply of fuel for 
the railway and Government works. 

EDUCATION. 

The state compels every child between the ages of 7 and 14 to attend the 
state schools which are free and maintained at the highest possible stage of ef- 
ficiency. This system of free and compulsory education has been in vogue for 
thirty-five years and may be considered the foundation of the country's remarkable 
progress. Supplementing the ordinary state schools are high schools, colleges and 
universities, all of which are state endowed. The Government spends over 
$2,000,000 annually educating the children of New Zealand, not including the reve- 
nue from numerous educational endowments. 

PUBLIC TRUST OFFICE. 

Through the Public Trust Office, a Government official known as the Public 
Trustee, discharges all the duties that may, by will or deed, be imposed upon a 

17 



private executor, trustee, attorney, or agent. He may be appointed by will execu- 
tor. Any one desirous of nominating an attorney to execute documents, manage 
property, collect rents during the absence of the owner, etc., can appoint the 
Public Trustee, instead of a private individual, to do these things. Where there 
is no will, the next-of-kin of deceased instead of taking out letters of administra- 
tion, may appoint the Public Trustee to do so. 

Where there is a will the executor named therein may get the Public Trustee 
to take his place. Those who have had any experience of the worries and difficul- 
ties incidental to such matters will appreciate the convenience of having the whole 
of the work done by a public office, the fidelity of which is guaranteed by the State. 

The chief advantages offered by the Department are an absolute security 
against loss and low charges, as the fees are based, not with a view to profit, but 
merely to ensure the Department against loss in the expense of working. A special 
pamphlet dealing with this branch of the public service may be obtained on ap- 
plication. 

THE TOURIST TRAFFIC. 

The Department of Tourist and Health Resorts undertakes the development and 
supervision of the spas and sanatoria of the colony, as well as of the general tourist 
traffic. The scenic beauties of New Zealand are under the care of the Department, 
and information as to tourist routes, mountaineering, health resorts, shooting, 
fishing and the many other attractions of the country, is supplied free at the De- 
partment's offices, which are to be found in all the principal cities. 

GENERAL CONDITIONS. 

The tourist visiting New Zealand will find himself in a beautiful country, with 
scenic and natural attractions that in variety and extent cannot be equalled else- 
where. He will find himself in a country where the charms of a free colonial life 
are not mitigated by the poverty and slums that are found in the old world. He 
will find himself among people refined in habits, courteous and hospitable to the 
visitor. Hotel and traveling accommodations will be found equal to that in any 
country, and charges very much lower than those in America. A trip from America 
to New Zealand and back can, in fact, be undertaken by any person of moderate 
means. On arrival at the Auckland wharf, which is reached either by the Union 
Steamship Company's steamers from Vancouver, or those of the Oceanic Steamship 
Company leaving San Francisco, he can at once place himself in the hands of the 
local Government tourist agent and receive gratis full information as to the best 
means of making a tour to suit his particular requirements. 

The manufacturer or other person seeking investment for capital will find ex- 
ceptional opportunities in a country enormously rich in natural resources. 

THE LABOR LAWS OF NEW ZEALAND. 

The Following Article by Mr. T. Clarkson, Christchurch, New Zealand, appeared 
in the St. Louis Globe-Democrat, of August 27, 1904. 
Fifteen years ago strikes were not uncommon in New Zealand. Quite early 
in the history of this far-off British isle the world-wide conflict between capital 
and labor became a serious factor and threatened to blight the future of a country 
whose natural advantages seemed to have predestined for it an important place 
among the nations of the world. Things came to a head when a maritime strike 
tied up all the shipping and absolutely stopped trade between the coastal ports 

18 



and also with New Zealand's nearest neighbor, Australia. The boycott lasted 
several weeks. It matters not now who was at fault or who won the fight, as, 
with all other strikes, this is far from being the main issue, and after the termina- 
tion of the struggle is soon forgotten. " But in that brief period the small colony 
suffered to the extent of millions of dollars, and to this day there are many who 
recall the sufferings entailed by the disastrous maritime strike. It was to prevent 
a repetition of such a catastrophe that the New Zealand Legislature — which has 
always displayed remarkable individuality and courage in grappling with the big 
problems of the day — brought forward and passed the Conciliation and Arbitration 
Act. In referring to the passage of this and other laws relating to labor it should 
be pointed out that in New Zealand the working classes exert a very direct influ- 
ence on the legislation of the country. This influence is exerted not by a labor 
.party sitting in the legislature, but by agitation at political meetings, a liberal use 
of the open columns in the daily newspapers and at the ballot box. In the first 
instance the Act was drawn up in such a way as to provide for arbitration when 
the parties to a dispute agreed to this method of adjustment. The result was an 
absolute failure, and the legislature when went a step further and passed the Act 
which has now been on trial for ten years. 

The New Zealand Conciliation and Arbitration Act deals generally with the 
wages, hours of labor and general conditions of employment. It provides for the 
registration of unions of workmen and also of employers, in connection with any 
trade or industry in the various districts of the country. Thus in such a town as 
Christchurch, which has a population of 57,000 people, there are separate unions 
of carpenters, bricklayers, plasterers, butchers, bakers, ironworkers, tobacconists, 
and so forth. 

There is nothing to compel a workman to join one of these unions, but he 
usually does so in his own interests. The act stipulates very clearly that the con- 
stitution of these unions must be such as to make it easy for all workmen to join. 
The workmen's unions almost invariably make it a clause in their demands that 
the industrial awards shall stipulate that employers must — other things being 
equal — give preference of employment to unionists. When this is conceded, as it 
usually is, it materially assists to bring outsiders into the fold, and under these 
circumstances it is not surprising that practically the whole of the workingmen 
of New Zealand are organized under the provisions of the conciliation and arbitra- 
tion act. 

There are not so many unions of employers, as a builders' union fully repre- 
sents the employers in all the various trades connected with building. 

In Christchurch, as in all other industrial districts created under the act, there 
is a conciliation board, which comprises three gentlemen nominated by the whole 
of the employers' unions in the district, three nominated by the employes' union 
and in addition a chairman elected by the six mentioned. The members of these 
boards are invariably men of high standing and are usually selected because of 
their practical business knowledge. They have full power to summon parties 
to an industrial dispute and all necessary witnesses, and, having fully considered 
the case before them, are required to give an award which, if accepted by the 
parties concerned, becomes binding for the term specified in the award, usually 
three years. 

There is one arbitration court for the whole of New Zealand. It consists of 
three persons — one selected by the employers' associations throughout the colony, 
one by the workmen's unions, while the third, who sits as chairman, is a judge 

19 



of the Supreme Court. In this connection it is well to observe that the judiciary 
of New Zealand, from the highest official to the lowest, is absolutely above sus- 
picion, and a judge of the Supreme Court, therefore, is a gentleman who commands 
implicit trust from all classes of the community. 

If the carpenters of Christchurch come to the conclusion that they are being 
underpaid, that their hours of labor are unreasonably long, that an undue per- 
centage of boy apprentices are being employed, or that in any other way they 
are being treated unfairly, they cite a case against one or more employer to the 
local conciliation board. The board notifies the other parties to the dispute, and in 
due course the case is heard, both sides being afforded full opportunity to state 
their case and support it by evidence. Very frequently this threshing out of a case 
results in an amicable arrangement being come to, and there the matter ends. 
Ordinarily, however, the board makes its award, and the parties to the dispute are 
given a specified time within which they may appeal, failing which the award be- 
comes law. In case of appeal the case goes on to the Arbitration Court, which has 
full power to hear additional witnesses or to compel parties to the dispute to pro- 
duce business books, documents or such other matter as may be considered neces- 
sary for the information of the court. Such information is not made public, and is 
only made available to the court. The Arbitration Court gives the final award, 
which has the law of the country behind it, with provision for substantial penalties 
upon either workmen or employers who should violate it. The maximum fine is 
$2,500. Generally speaking, the awards are received with comparative satisfaction 
by both parties, and any breaches of the awards are usually of a trivial nature. 

Either employers' or workmen's unions can invoke the aid of the Conciliation 
Board in remedying a grievance, but hitherto it has been practically an invariable 
rule that the workmen have initiated cases brought forward. The exceptional pros- 
perity of the colony since the act has been in force, coupled with the increased 
cost of living, may probably be considered a factor in this direction. Up to the 
present the employers have practically stood on the defensive, and only such an 
unlikely contingency as a wave of depression striking the colony would be likely 
to change their attitude. Opponents of the system say that when that time comes 
its weaknesses will become very apparent, but there seems no reason to suppose 
that it will not be equally as effective in solving labor disputes whether these be 
introduced by workmen applying for an increase, or by employers seeking to reduce 
wages. 

Although the New Zealand. Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act has been 
in force for ten years, it would be foolish to claim that it has solved the labor 
problem forever and for all countries. In America, for instance, it is extremely 
problematical whether the enormous influx of alien population does not constitute 
a peculiar set of conditions which such an act would be unable to cope with. In 
New Zealand it has by no means settled the everlasting conflict between labor and 
capital. Disputes fully occupy the time of the conciliation boards and the arbitra- 
tion court and the colony's statesmen are watching very closely its operations, so 
as to make improvements from time to time. But the act has undoubtedly ac- 
complished this: It has taken out of the hands of either employer or employe the 
power to drag a third party into the dispute. Neither can compel the unwilling 
public through the medium of the boycott to take sides, and since the act came 
into force there has been no strike in New Zealand nor any fear of one. Surely 
this, if not a complete triumph, is at least a big step forward in the march towards 

20 



industrial harmony and should be fruitful of suggestions for the consideration of 
political economists in America and other parts of the world. 

It must be remembered that there are certain natural laws as imperative in 
one place, however large, as in another place, however small. Stones do not fall 
upwards in America more than in New Zealand, nor can a workman on strike 
keep his family on air in one locality more than in another. The New Zealander 
removes his industrial disputes from the vicinity of the labor boss, the armed 
picket and the state militia, to the calm, rational atmosphere of a court, which 
examines his claim, sees if the employer is getting unfair profits out of his men, 
and gives the workman for a fixed time a minimum wage for his work, while he 
can earn as much more as his employer likes to give him. The men need not work, 
nor his employer pay the minimum wage or any wage, but if he works at all at 
that trade he must not be "sweated" nor may he undercut his mates in wages. 

There are scores of other enactments on the New Zealand statute books di- 
rectly affecting labor interests. Of these one of the most important is the factory 
act, which lays down the conditions under which factory work may be carried on. 
Children under 14 years of age are not allowed to be employed, and the hours of 
labor, holidays and of women and youths under 16 years of age are strictly regu- 
lated. Good ventilation, sanitary accommodations are points dwelt upon, while 
machinery has to be properly guarded, fire escapes provided and dangerous occu- 
pations specifically classified. In order to assist the system of free, general, com- 
pulsory education which prevails in the colony, young persons are not allowed to 
work in factories until they have passed the fourth standard of the state schools. 
To prevent the introduction of "sweating" into the commercial centers, articles 
made in private dwellings or unregistered workshops have to be labeled when of- 
fered for sale, so that goods so manufactured, often in unsanitary premises, may 
not be placed on the market in competition with work done in properly inspected 
factories. The factory inspectors also exercise supervision over the sleeping ac- 
commodations provided for shearers in the country districts. 

The shops and shop assistants' act provides for the closing of all shops in 
towns and suburbs for one afternoon holiday in each week. A few shops, such as 
those of fruiterers, restaurants, etc., are exempted from the general closing, but 
assistants in such establishments, in the bars of hotels and in country stores, must 
have a half holiday on some day of the week. In Christchurch ordinary tradespeople 
close on Thursday afternoons, whilst the banks and warehouses all close on Sat- 
urday afternoon, and in other towns similar arrangements are in force. This act 
stipulates, inter alia, that every young woman employed in a shop must be provided 
with a sitting accommodation, so that she may rest occasionally. 

The New Zealand Labor Department has an employment branch with offices 
in all the principal towns. At these men seeking work are supplied gratis with 
full information as to the conditions of labor in any trade or industry in any part of 
the colony, and at the same time arranges for employment on Government work 
for those who desire it. 

The labor laws of New Zealand have not had the demoralizing effect on industry 
that many predicted. Year by year the country progresses more and more. The 
hands in factories have nearly doubled in the last eight years and the private 
wealth of the people rose from $760,000,000 in 1892 to $1,000,000,000 in 1902, a rise 
of $240,000,000 in ten years. There are no unemployed in New Zealand and the 
workingman has constant work at high wages. The New Zealand work- 
ingman does not live in a flat or a hovel. He lives in a six or seven room 

21 



villa, situated on a quarter acre of land, with lawn and flower garden in front. 
Sometimes he rents this property; more often he owns it. The half holiday and 
the general conditions under which he works give him ample opportunity to not 
only retain his best health, but also to take an active and intelligent interest in 
all that is going on in the world. The influence he is able to exert on the politics 
of the day inspires him to take the keenest interest in the government of his coun- 
try, both national and municipal. In brief, he feels himself to be a man, sees that 
he is recognized as such, and he "lives" his life in the very highest sense. 

"MR. OSEBA'S LAST DISCOVERY." 

Colonel George W. Bell, a well known American writer and for seven years 
United States Consul in Sydney, Australia, recently published a book entitled 
"Mr. Oseba's Last Discovery"; devoted principally to a consideration of New 
Zealand and its people. Commencing with a statement that "the conspicuous 
happiness and prosperity of a people are the best evidences of benign rule," the 
Colonel dedicates the book "to the people of New Zealand, the most advanced 
community among men." Proceeding with a charming narrative Colonel Bell 
sums up the position regarding New Zealand, and the following extracts are taken 
therefrom: 

"The labor laws, like the land laws, are based upon the enlightened selfish- 
ness of the people in their organized capacity, the idea being, not that everyone 
may, but that everyone must, earn his or her own living — must be a producer and 
not a pauper, a tax-payer and not a vagrant. This is democracy." 

"In New Zealand the soil is a basis of wealth; capital and labor are the active 
factors, and society for the good of each and all, proposes that these factors shall 
peacefully pursue the joint enterprise of production, according to the dictates of 
justice and humanity." 

"New Zealand occupies a unique position. She has no traditions, she has 
no overlord, no organized trusts, no vested rights in hoary wrongs; she has no 
withering precedents, no millionaire monopolies howling for victims, and having 
room for many millions she may bide her time, and if she cares for more people 
she may make her own selection." 



THE DEATH RATE OF NEW ZEALAND. 

New Zealand has the lowest death rate in the world. It stands at 9.4 per 
1,000, as compared with 17.8 per 1,000 in the United States. 

THE PRIVATE WEALTH OF NEW ZEALAND. 

The average wealth per head in New Zealand is $1,498.00, the highest in the 
world. 



22 



"THE STORY OF NEW ZEALAND." 
In the "Story of New Zealand," written by Professor Frank Parsons, A. M., 
Ph. D., etc., of Chicago — a book which has excited remarkable interest and the 
highest commendation in America, a few important contrasts are reduced to their 
lowest terms and brought into strong relief in the following crisp analysis: 

United States. New Zealand. 

Nominations by machine. Nominations by popular petition. 

Government by party. Government by the people. 

Spoils system. Merit system. 

Political corruption. No political corruption. 

Monopoly pressure to control Gov- Government pressure to break down 

ernment. monopoly. 

Concentration of wealth. Diffusion of wealth. 

Dollar the king. Manhood the king. 

Government loans to banks. Government loans to farmers. 

Unjust discrimination in freight rates. No discrimination in freight rates. 

Railroads and telegraphs for private Railroads and telegraphs for public 

profit. service. 

Organization of capital in the lead. Organization of men in the lead. 

Frequent and costly strikes and lock- No strikes or lockouts. 

outs. Industrial peace; disputes of labor and 

Industrial conflict; disputes of labor capital settled by judicial decision. 

and capital settled by battle. 8-hour day. 

10-hour day. Direct employment and co-operative 

Contractor system in public works. methods. 

Taxation for revenue. Taxation for the public good. 

Farmers and workingmen divided at Farmers and workingmen united at 

the ballot box. the ballot box. 

Monopolists and politicians in control. The common people in control. 

Commenting on the "Story of New Zealand" Ex-President Grover Cleveland 
says: 

"A valuable book. 'The Story of New Zealand' presents a remarkable record 
of advance in democratic government and industrial harmony. Industrial arbitra- 
tion is of the highest importance, and New Zealand's success deserves earnest 
attention. Whatever may be thought of any specific measure adopted in New 
Zealand, or its applicability to this country, there can be no question that the 
story of New Zealand's progress contains much that is worthy the careful con- 
sideration of our people." — Grover Cleveland. 

The Rev. Russell H. Conwell says: "The advanced theories of government in 
New Zealand must soon conquer the world." 

CONCLUSION. 

In the concluding portions of "Mr. Oseba's Last Discovery" Colonel Bell says: 

"Inspired by an inherited instinct, and guided by Anglo-Saxon genius, civili- 
zation has won more victories since the crowning of Victoria than during all the 
generations from 'Saul to Tarsus' to Paul of Pretoria, and New Zealand is away 
in the vanguard of the great progressive social force that is destined to enlighten 
the brain and unfetter the limbs of humanity." 

"When a monument shall have been erected in honor of those who 
led in the emancipation of humanity, on the highest tablet on the Temple of 
Eternal Fame, and in letters of imperishable splendor, shall be emblazoned, 

"NEW ZEALAND." 

T. E. DONNE, 

Representative for Neiv Zealand to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



029 965 246 4 



Conservation Resources 
Lig-Free® Type I 
Ph 8.5, Buffered 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



029 965 246 4 



